Tomb of the Scipios

Rome, IT

Tomb of the Scipios
Tomb of the Scipios
Location
Rome, IT
Category
heritage historic sites
Coordinates
41.87613889, 12.50075
Best time
Morning or early afternoon
Weather tip
Check forecast before visiting; bring water in summer.

Overview

The Tomb of the Scipios, or Sepulchre of the Scipios (Sepolcro degli Scipioni), represents a significant archaeological site in Rome, offering a direct window into the funerary practices and aristocratic lineage of the Roman Republic. This hypogeum, or underground burial chamber, served as the primary resting place for the Scipio family, one of ancient Rome's most influential patrician clans, from the 3rd century BCE through the 2nd century CE. Discovered in 1780, the tomb provides invaluable insights into early Roman burial architecture and epigraphy, showcasing a shift from traditional inhumation to cremation during later periods. Visitors exploring this historical monument can observe the intricate layout of its chambers, the remaining original inscriptions, and reproductions of the sarcophagi, including that of Scipio Barbatus. As one of the notable places to visit for those interested in Roman history, the site is a crucial stop among Rome's numerous ancient attractions, offering a profound understanding of the city's foundational families and their enduring legacy. It stands as a testament to the Scipios' prominence and their contributions to the Republic.

General information

The Tomb of the Scipios, or Sepulchre of the Scipios (Sepolcro degli Scipioni), represents a significant archaeological site in Rome, offering a direct window into the funerary practices and aristocratic lineage of the Roman Republic. This hypogeum, or underground burial chamber, served as the primary resting place for the Scipio family, one of ancient Rome's most influential patrician clans, from the 3rd century BCE through the 2nd century CE. Discovered in 1780, the tomb provides invaluable insights into early Roman burial architecture and epigraphy, showcasing a shift from traditional inhumation to cremation during later periods. Visitors exploring this historical monument can observe the intricate layout of its chambers, the remaining original inscriptions, and reproductions of the sarcophagi, including that of Scipio Barbatus. As one of the notable places to visit for those interested in Roman history, the site is a crucial stop among Rome's numerous ancient attractions, offering a profound understanding of the city's foundational families and their enduring legacy. It stands as a testament to the Scipios' prominence and their contributions to the Republic.

Did you know

  • The tomb was rediscovered in 1780 by the brothers Sassi, who owned the vineyard above it, after they were excavating a cellar.
  • The sarcophagus of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, the earliest known occupant, is now preserved in the Vatican Museums, replaced by a replica at the site.
  • The tomb is unique for being one of the few surviving private tombs from the Republican era that housed an entire noble family.
  • Its architecture shows early Greek influence, particularly in its use of a columnar façade and carved sarcophagi, which was unusual for Roman tombs of its time.

History

Construction of the Tomb of the Scipios commenced in the early 3rd century BCE, specifically around 298 BCE, for Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, consul in 298 BCE. It served as the burial ground for members of the Scipio family and their freedmen for approximately four centuries, until the 2nd century CE. The tomb was originally built into a tuff quarry and expanded over time with additional chambers. Following the 2nd century CE, the tomb fell into disuse and was eventually buried under later Roman constructions. Its existence was largely forgotten until its accidental rediscovery in 1780, leading to systematic archaeological excavations that uncovered its structure and contents, including numerous inscriptions and sarcophagi.

Cultural significance

The Tomb of the Scipios holds immense cultural significance as a primary source for understanding early Roman aristocratic funerary practices and the social structure of the Republic. It provides tangible evidence of the Scipio family's prominence and their adoption of Hellenistic artistic and architectural styles in their burials, predating the widespread Roman preference for cremation. The inscriptions found within the tomb, known as the 'elogia Scipionum,' are crucial historical documents, offering insights into the family's achievements, political careers, and linguistic evolution of Latin. These epitaphs provide a rare direct voice from one of Rome's most influential families, shaping our understanding of Roman identity and ancestral veneration during a formative period.

Geography and landscape

The Tomb of the Scipios is situated within the modern city of Rome, specifically on the Via di Porta San Sebastiano, just inside the Aurelian Walls. In antiquity, it was located along the ancient Via Appia (Appian Way), a significant consular road leading south from Rome. The tomb was carved into the natural tuff stone, a common volcanic rock in the region, several meters below the current street level. Its original entrance likely faced the Appian Way, making it a prominent landmark for travelers entering or leaving the city. Today, it is an underground complex, accessed via a modern entrance, retaining its subterranean character while being integrated into the urban fabric of Rome.

More facts

  • Sourced from Wikidata (Q1540716)

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